Africa faces unique challenges in providing internet access to its 1.4 billion people. Technologies are competing to solve issues related to the last mile of internet access.
Challenges of Internet Access in Africa
According to the International Telecommunications Union (ITU), only 38% of Africa's population had internet access by 2024, significantly lower than the global average of 68%. More than 200 million people lack even basic 3G coverage, with the issue particularly acute in rural areas where less than 3% have access to traditional phone lines.
Technologies for the Last Mile
In the race for internet access in Africa, three key technologies stand out: satellite communication, fiber-optic cables, and mobile masts. Satellite internet, especially low Earth orbit satellites like Starlink, offer low latency and broad coverage but remain expensive for many users. Traditional satellites have high costs and delays exceeding 600 milliseconds. Fiber-optic cables provide high speed and reliability, but laying them in rural areas is expensive. Mobile masts provide 4G and 5G as the primary method of internet delivery, yet face limitations in capacity and quality of service.
Future Perspectives and Strategic Approaches
Future prospects for internet access in Africa demand hybrid solutions. Instead of a single technology dominating, a combination of fiber, satellite, and wireless access can maximize reach and efficiency. Experts like Guy Zibi from Xalam Analytics emphasize the importance of cooperation among competitors to accelerate access in underserved regions. This entails partnerships between satellite providers and terrestrial operators to optimize costs and enhance service quality.
The race for internet access in Africa continues, and the only true solution will be a harmonious blend of different technologies. It is crucial for authorities and companies to focus on inclusive policies aimed at bridging the digital divide, particularly in rural and low-income communities.
