An innovative proposal introduced by Ethereum's co-founder, Vitalik Buterin, aims to improve the platform's decentralization by implementing penalties for validators who fail simultaneously. This proposal, posted on the Ethereum Research forum on March 27, intends to incentivize decentralized staking by introducing more anti-correlation incentives. The focus is on penalizing validators controlled by a single entity that fail in unison, with harsher penalties compared to individual failures.

Buterin's idea is based on penalizing validators depending on how their failure rates differ from the norm. In case of multiple validators failing simultaneously, penalties would increase for each validator to deter significant stakers from causing widespread disruptions through correlated failures. This strategy could potentially create a more level playing field between large and small Ethereum stakers.

In addition to penalties, Buterin's proposal promotes separate infrastructures for each validator to encourage solo staking's economic viability compared to joining staking pools. There is also a suggestion to explore alternative penalty schemes and evaluate the effects of these measures on geographic and client decentralization within the Ethereum network.

Discussions around staking decentralization also highlight concerns about staking pools and services like Lido, which control a considerable portion of the total ETH supply staked. These dominant entities raise worries regarding centralization and the advantages they might have over individual stakers.

Despite the proposed measures, Buterin did not address the possibility of reducing the solo staking threshold of 32 Ether, which might pose a significant financial challenge for individual participants. This proposal arises amidst ongoing conversations in the Ethereum community about centralization risks and the necessity for mechanisms that ensure a more fair and decentralized network, particularly with the influence of services like Lido and concerns about potential cartelization.