1. Legalization of Bitcoin: Economic Masterstroke
2. Sanctions Evasion: Well-Oiled Tactic
3. Towards a Parallel Economy?

Bitcoin has taken on a new strategic dimension for Russia. In the face of economic sanctions imposed by the West, the country has found an unexpected lever in cryptocurrency mining, generating over $3 billion in Bitcoin last year.

Legalization of Bitcoin: Economic Masterstroke

Last July, the Russian State Duma took a decisive step by legalizing Bitcoin mining. This decision, much more than a simple legislative gesture, reflects a well-thought-out economic strategy in the context of increasing international pressure. By legitimizing this activity, the Russian government allows companies to register as legal entities and benefit from a favorable regulatory framework. This move thus paves the way for massive investments in mining infrastructure and stimulates the interest of local and foreign investors. From a fiscal standpoint, this initiative has already borne fruit. Indeed, according to estimates, mining activities have generated about 50 billion rubles (approximately $556 million) in taxes for the Russian state. This figure, impressive for a first year, could increase further with the influx of new investors attracted by regulatory stability and potential returns. The legalization of Bitcoin is part of a series of measures aimed at strengthening the use of cryptocurrencies in international trade.

Sanctions Evasion: Well-Oiled Tactic

Russia’s recourse to Bitcoin and cryptocurrencies is not limited to an internal economic strategy. It is also part of a tactic to evade international sanctions. The economic sanctions imposed by the United States and the European Union have cut Russia off from many traditional financial markets, but cryptocurrencies offer an escape route. The blockchain analysis company Chainalysis has expressed concerns about the use of Russian crypto platforms to circumvent sanctions. Among these platforms, Garantex, a sanctioned cryptocurrency exchange, has processed nearly $100 billion in transactions since 2018. Although this platform is under the scrutiny of the Office of Foreign Assets Control (OFAC) in the United States and the Office of Financial Sanctions Implementation (OFSI) in the United Kingdom, it remains a central player in the Russian cryptocurrency market. Observers note that platforms like Garantex and Exved play a crucial role in facilitating cross-border trade, allowing Russia to maintain a certain level of economic exchanges despite the sanctions. Exved, for its part, has ties to the bank InDeFi and is said to have been co-founded by Sergey Mendeleev, also head of Garantex, and Alexander Lebedev, a former KGB officer.

Towards a Parallel Economy?

Russia’s strategy of massively adopting Bitcoin and other cryptocurrencies raises broader questions about the future of global economic exchanges. By allowing Russia to continue trading with the rest of the world, cryptocurrencies create a parallel economy, shielded from traditional financial institutions and international sanctions. This reality could change the dynamics of global economic power, as other sanctioned countries may follow suit and turn to digital currencies to support their own economies. Furthermore, the legalization of Bitcoin and the growing adoption of cryptocurrencies in Russia could have repercussions on the entire digital asset ecosystem. By playing a more active role in this area, Russia could influence global regulations around Bitcoin and cryptocurrencies, transforming them into geopolitical tools.

Russia’s use of Bitcoin to bypass international sanctions demonstrates how cryptocurrencies can become a serious tool in the global economy. This could also trigger changes in global regulations, impacting the future use of digital currencies.