Nigeria marks the 26th anniversary of uninterrupted civilian rule. This Democracy Day serves not only as a celebration but also as an opportunity to reflect on the state of democracy in the country, especially against the backdrop of technology use.
Technological Control and Democracy
Technology plays a dual role in democracy. On one hand, it can enhance transparency and civic engagement. On the other hand, in modern society, it often becomes a tool of control, allowing the government to suppress dissent and limit freedoms.
Examples of Technological Suppression
From 2020 to 2025, Nigeria experienced numerous incidents where technology was used to limit citizens' rights:
1. **Internet shutdown during the #EndSARS protests (October 2020)**: One of the longest internet blackouts in the country's history. 2. **Twitter ban (June 2021 - January 2022)**: Blocking the platform where active political discussions occurred. 3. **Mandatory NIN-SIM linkage (2021-2023)**: Policy that led to millions of subscribers being disconnected. 4. **Internet disruptions during the 2023 elections**: Information access delays in opposition regions drew criticism. 5. **Use of Pegasus spyware (2022)**: Security agents used it to surveil opposition. 6. **Disinformation campaigns (2023-2024)**: Use of bot networks to manipulate public opinion. 7. **Internet throttling during #EndBadGovernance protests (August 2024)**: Documented cases of slowed internet connections. 8. **Controversial social media bill (2023-2024)**: Attempt to tighten control over internet content. 9. **Expanded surveillance powers under the Cybercrimes Act (2025)**: Increased governmental authority to monitor digital communication.
Possible Ways Forward
Measures are needed to protect citizens' digital rights and ensure independent oversight of government technology use. Increasing digital literacy and fostering international solidarity against authoritarian impulses are crucial.
Democracy Day 2025 emphasizes that the future of democracy in Nigeria depends on who controls technology and how it is applied for the benefit of society. Democracy is not just about elections; it is a system of rights, responsibilities, and resistance both online and offline.
