In recent years, Africa has witnessed a rise in internet shutdowns used to control protests, elections, and social unrest. In 2024, 21 shutdowns were recorded across 15 countries.
Overview of the Internet Shutdown Situation in Africa
Data from Access Now and the #KeepItOn coalition shows that internet shutdowns are becoming increasingly common in Africa. These shutdowns range from blocking specific social networks to complete cuts in internet access. The threats to freedom of information are evident, especially during elections and protests.
Economic Consequences of Internet Blackouts
According to global estimates, internet shutdowns in 2024 caused losses amounting to $7.69 billion. In Africa, the shutdowns from 2015 to 2017 cost economies about $237 million. A particularly severe impact was seen in Sudan, where a 185-day shutdown led to losses of $1.9 billion. These shutdowns harm not only individual businesses but also broader economic activities and ecosystems, including fintech and e-commerce.
Human Rights and Civil Liberties Issues
Internet shutdowns severely violate human rights, limiting access to information and freedom of expression. In 2021, the internet was shut down in eSwatini during pro-democracy protests, depriving citizens of their right to express themselves. These actions also complicate access to critical services such as education and healthcare, making the issue more acute.
While governments claim a need to ensure national security, internet shutdowns actually undermine social stability and human rights progress. A comprehensive approach is needed to address these issues, including legal protections and resilient infrastructure development.
