Tokenized commodities, which include energy resources, agricultural products, precious metals, and other tangible things, are digital representations of real-world assets.
These assets go through a process known as «tokenization», in which their ownership rights are converted into blockchain-based cryptographic tokens. Each token usually represents a portion or entirety of the underlying commodity, allowing partial ownership and accessibility.
Tokenization offers efficiency, divisibility, and liquidity, transforming the asset ownership structure. An example of this would be the tokenization of a $10,000 gold bar into 10,000 tokens, which would allow investors to easily transact smaller units without the logistical burden of physical storage or delivery of gold.
- How do tokenized commodities work?
- Types of tokenized commodities
- What are commodity-backed cryptocurrencies?
- Advantages of tokenized commodities
- Challenges associated with tokenized commodities
How do tokenized commodities work?
Tokenized commodities are created through tokenization, with tokens issued on a blockchain network, followed by secure storage, decentralized trading facilitated by smart contracts, and finally redemption facilitated by issuers or smart contracts.
- Step 1: Issuance
Tokenized commodities are created by dividing the ownership rights of actual assets into digital tokens, a process known as tokenization. In this process, tokens are issued on a blockchain network, frequently with the help of exchanges or specialized tokenization platforms.
- Step 2: Storage and custody
Custodianship of the underlying assets assumes paramount importance in tokenized commodities. Custodial services or smart contracts ensure the secure storage and management of physical assets, assuring tokenholders of asset authenticity and security.
- Step 3: Trading
Once commodities are tokenized, they become prime assets for decentralized exchange (DEX) or peer-to-peer (P2P) trading. Blockchain technology promotes global liquidity and accessibility by facilitating efficient and transparent trading. Smart contracts are essential to ensure seamless transactions while upholding security and trust.
- Step 4: Redemption
Tokenholders are still able to exchange them for the underlying physical good. Issuers or smart contracts facilitate this redemption procedure, which preserves transparency while giving investors the freedom to transform their digital assets into tangible products.
Types of tokenized commodities
Precious metals, energy resources, agricultural products, and real estate are examples of commodities that can be tokenized using blockchain technology. Let's consider a few of them in more detail.
Precious metals
Precious metals such as gold, silver, and platinum can be tokenized because they allow investors to have fractional ownership without the inconveniences of physical storage. Precious metals that have been tokenized make these priceless assets more accessible, encouraging hedging and portfolio diversification.
Energy resources
Oil, natural gas, and renewable energy certificates are examples of tokenized energy resources that give investors exposure to the energy market’s volatility. Tokenization removes logistical barriers to investment opportunities in the global energy sector.
Agricultural products
Tokenized agricultural commodities such as soybeans, corn, wheat, and coffee enhance investor portfolio diversification by providing exposure to the agriculture sector. Agricultural products that have been tokenized utilize the efficiency and accessibility of blockchain technology to act as tools for diversification and a hedge against inflation.
Real estate
Fractional ownership and liquidity in the real estate market are made possible by tokenized real estate, which redefines property ownership. Investors can acquire profitable real estate assets with little initial outlay, promoting a more diverse range of investing opportunities.
What are commodity-backed cryptocurrencies?
Commodity-backed cryptocurrencies represent a type of digital asset designed to provide greater stability than traditional cryptocurrencies.
They accomplish this by pegging their value to tangible assets such as gold, oil, or real estate. The physical commodity is held by a business or organization, which also releases tokens denoting a specific amount of that commodity.
The token’s value varies in tandem with the price of the underlying commodity. With the help of these cryptocurrencies, investors may combine the convenience of digital assets with the traditional commodities market. Examples include Tether Gold (XAUT) and Paxos Gold (PAXG), both backed by physical gold, or OilCoin (OIL), backed by oil reserves.
However, be aware that they frequently entail some degree of centralization and that you should always investigate the security and issuer of the actual asset that underpins the cryptocurrency.
Tokenized Commodities Commodity-Backed Cryptocurrencies Purpose Direct commodity exposure Stability, price hedging, among others Ownership Direct ownership of commodity Indirect ownership via a token Storage Physical storage required Digital storage on blockchain
Advantages of tokenized commodities
Within blockchain ecosystems, tokenized commodities provide a number of advantages by utilizing the built-in capabilities of distributed ledger technology and revolutionizing conventional commodity trading.
Fractionalizing commodities into digital tokens improves liquidity by allowing investors to buy smaller units, which expands the market for available investment options. Additionally, because of this fractional ownership, trading and transferability are made simpler, which lowers entry barriers and boosts market efficiency.
Tokenization records ownership and transaction history on an immutable blockchain, increasing transparency and lowering the risk of fraud. Market participants’ trust is increased because every transaction is transparently audited and safely recorded. The possibility of fake products is also reduced by this transparency because every token is uniquely identified and validated on the blockchain.
Real-time settlement is made possible by tokenized commodities, eliminating the need for intermediaries and lowering transaction costs and turnaround times. Smart contracts simplify the settlement process and lower counterparty risk by being programmed to automatically execute trades upon fulfilling predetermined circumstances.
Furthermore, tokenization makes commodity markets more inclusive and accessible by enabling investors (who were previously unable to participate in traditional markets because of financial or geographical limitations) to engage in trading activities around the clock from any location in the world as long as they have access to the internet.
Challenges associated with tokenized commodities
Blockchain technology has made tokenized commodities possible, but to reach their full potential in commodity markets, various issues need to be resolved.
Since tokenized commodities are frequently real assets, they are governed by the same legal frameworks that apply to securities, commodities trade, and financial markets.
To ensure adherence to these standards, one must navigate intricate legal environments and put strong governance frameworks in place to reduce the risk of fraud, market manipulation, and regulatory infractions.
There are many obstacles, including liquidity and market depth. Although tokenization can potentially improve liquidity by allowing for round-the-clock trading and fractionalizing ownership, there is still a barrier to building up enough market depth to handle large-scale transactions. Liquidity and price discovery in tokenized commodity markets are contingent upon establishing trust between institutional investors and traditional market players.
Standardization and interoperability are necessary for a smooth integration with the current financial infrastructure. Efficient transaction settlement and asset transfer are made possible by interoperability, which makes it possible for token standards, smart contracts, and data formats to be compatible across various blockchain platforms and commodities markets.
Additionally, because of the decentralized and immutable nature of blockchain technology, cybersecurity threats are increased in tokenized commodity markets. Strong cybersecurity procedures, such as encryption, two-factor authentication (2FA), and ongoing monitoring, are necessary to protect digital assets, private keys, and sensitive transaction data against theft, hacking, and exploitation.
